Showing posts with label spinnerets. Show all posts
Showing posts with label spinnerets. Show all posts

Thursday, October 05, 2023

Looking at a spider's belly

 I posted this photo a couple of days ago, and now want to look at it again, closely.

Araneus diadematus

These are beautiful spiders, and I mostly look at the patterns on the top of their abdomen; white patches on orange or brown, these patches arranged to form a cross. Here, she hangs quietly in her web, allowing me to see her underside, and even get it all more or less in focus.

She's a female. First, her pedipalps, the two spiky, curved appendages in front of her fangs, are slim. Mature males have a large "boxing glove" tip to theirs.

And then, near the forward end of her abdomen, she has an appendage called the epigyne. (The cream-coloured, curvy hook crossing the border between yellow and dark brown.) This aids in mating, holding the male's pedipalp in place, and later serves as an ovipositor, the egg-laying organ.

The eight legs are all connected to the front half of the body, the cephalothorax, in a circle around the sternum (in humans this word is used for the breastbone; spiders have no internal bones). They are moved by hydraulic pressure regulated inside the cephalothorax.

At the rear end of the abdomen, you can see her spinnerets. Silk from glands inside her abdomen is squeezed out through these and hardens quickly to form her web.
Our Araneus diadematus has three pairs of spinnerets. Each pair produces threads with specific characteristics. For example, the web’s orbital or circular threads are sticky, good for snaring prey. Others, like the radial threads linking the hub to the periphery of the web, are extra strong but are not sticky. (Nature'sDepths/wondrous-webs)
I found this photo of Araneus diadematus spinnerets, taken with an scanning electron microscope:

From JeremyPoolesem.org.uk

This page also has photos of the epigyne, the pedipalps, and other details of this spider. Go look!

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Subí esta foto el otro dia, pero quiero volver a mirarla con más atención.

Foto: Araneus diadematus

Estas son unas arañas hermosas, y por lo general estoy mirando los diseños en la parte superior del abdomen; manchas blancas sobre un fondo en anaranjado o café, las manchas organizadas en forma de cruz. Aquí en esta foto, se quedaba quieta en su telaraña, mostrándome la parte inferior de su cuerpo.

Es una hembra. Esto se sabe por la forma de sus pedipalpos, esos dos apéndices con espinas, en frente de sus quelíceros; su extremo es delgado; los pedipalpos de arañas machos maduros son inflados; se les ha comparado con los guantes de un boxeador.

Y además, cerca del frente de su abdomen, se ve el apéndice llamado el epigino, que es el ganchito que cruza el borde entre lo amarillo y lo café en la foto. Este apéndice ayuda en la cópula, deteniéndo el órgano del macho, y luego sirve de ovipositor.

Las ocho patas están conectadas a la sección delantera de la araña, el cefalotórax y rodean el esternón. (En humanos, el esternón es el hueso en el centro del pecho. Las arañas no tienen huesos.) Estas patas se mueven a base de presión hidráulica, regulada en el interior del cefalotórax.

En la parte trasera del abdomen, verás las hileras. La telaraña se produce en glándulas dentro del abdomen y el líquido se extruye desde las hileras. Al llegar al exterior, se endurece.

Nuestra Araneus diadematus tiene tres pares de hileras. Cada pareja produce hilos con sus características particulares. Por ejemplo, los hilos orbitales o circulares son pegajosos, sirviendo para atrapar la presa. Otros, como los hilos que unen el centro de la telaraña a su perímetro, son muy fuertes pero no son pegajosos. (de Nature'sDepths/wondrous-webs)
Encontré esta foto de hileras de Araneus diadematus hecha con el microscopio electrónico:


Esta página tiene también fotos de los pedipalpos, del epigino y otras partes de la araña. ¡Hay que verlas!

Sunday, December 19, 2021

Silk spinner

If it weren't for cold, rainy days, my computer files would be a complete mess. Good thing it rains here a lot!

Sorting last year's photos today, I looked at two spider photos from Oyster Bay last October. And I noticed something I didn't see at the time: in one of the photos, the spider mama is showing off her spinnerets!

Spider, egg case, sowbugs on the bottom of a log.

I had turned over this log to see what was hiding. And besides the usual sowbugs, there was a large spider's egg case, with the mother standing guard. But she decided I was too big to challenge, and ran away. I got her photo as she left.

See the spinnerets? Tiny, hair-like tubes protruding from her rear.

Spiders produce their silk from these spinnerets; according to the species, they may have from two to four pairs, each producing its own specialized silks. From this photo, I think Ma here has either two or three pairs of spinnerets.

Spider silk has many uses, and each variety of silk has its own special qualities. Even for the common orb web, the spider 
"... pieces together a minimum of four types of silk, each having a different form and function. One silk provides strength, another flexibility, and still another a scaffold to aid the spider during construction." (from "Spider Silk: Evolution and 400 Million Years of Spinning, Waiting, Snagging, and Mating"
But there are more things to do with silk, it makes a warm blanket for spider eggs and spiderlings. It serves as bungee cords, waterproofing, rappelling rope, wind catchers for ballooning spiderlings, cords for snagging, trapping, wrapping, toting prey. Den liners and trap doors, bubbles for underwater living, distant warning systems, gift wrapping ... the uses are endless.

And do the spiders make art? Do they know the beauty of a dew-laden orb web? Does a cross spider sit back and look at her web and feel a justified pride? Who's to tell?

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Si no fuera por los dias de lluvia, los archivos de mi computadors estarían una maraña imposible de desenredar. ¡Un beneficio de este clima!

Hoy, mientras llovía encima de la nieve de anoche, revisé fotos del año pasado. Viendo fotos de octubre, tomadas en Oyster Bay, me di cuenta de algo que no había notado en ese momento. En una de las fotos, una araña madre nos enseña sus hileras.

Fotos: primero, la araña como la encontré cuando volteé un tronco en el suelo; la araña, su saco de huevos, y un grupo de cochinillas.

Había volteado el tronco para ver que manera de cosas escondía y sorprendí esta madre cuidando sus huevos. No se sintió capaz de enfrentarme, y se escapó, no sin que le sacara la foto desde atrás.

Segunda foto; ¿Ves las hileras? Son tubitos miniaturos que se abren desde el final de su abdomen..

Las arañas producen su seda a partir de estas hileras; según la especie, pueden tener de dos a cuatro pares de hileras, y cada uno produce sus sedas especializadas.

Esta seda tiene muchos usos diferentes, y cada variedad tiene sus aplicaciones especiales. Hasta para la telaraña en espiral, la araña ...
"teje juntos un mínimo de cuatro tipos de seda, cada de las cuales tiene forma y función diferentes. Una seda provee fuerza, otra flexibilidad, y otra se usa como andamio para ayudar durante la construcción. (Del libro "Spider Silk: Evolution and 400 Million Years of Spinning, Waiting, Snagging, and Mating")
Pero hay más. La seda puede formar una cobija calientita para los huevos y las hijas arañitas. Sirve como cuerda de bungee, impermeabilización, cuerdas para montañismo (en miniatura), atrapavientos para arañitas que van volando para encontrar un nuevo hogar, cuerdas para cazar, capturar, envolver, cargar su presa. Recubrimiento para las paredes de su cueva o túnel, puertas escondidas, sistemas de burbujas para vivir bajo el agua, sistemas de alerta distante, envoltura para regalos ... Hay mil y un usos.

¿Y será que las arañas producen arte? ¿Conocen la belleza de una telaraña en espiral llena de joyas del rocío del amanecer? ¿Será posible que una araña Diadematus se echa para atrás para mirar su telaraña, sintiendo un orgullo bien justificado? ¿Quién puede saber?

Wednesday, August 08, 2018

Hanging by a thread

10:30 at night. I went to draw my curtains, and found a small moth sleeping on the outside of the window. Grabbed the camera, dragged over a chair, climbed up, got one shot of the moth.

Lucky shot. Because there was only one.

And the cat scrambled through the window, disturbing the moth, who fluttered directly into a spider web. Instantly, the spider appeared from nowhere, pouncing on the struggling moth.

Happy cross spider, unfortunate moth.

And in a couple of minutes, the moth was quiet, and the spider was covered head to toes in moth feathers.

She hangs from two threads; one paid out from her spinnerets, and another she's holding with one rear foot.

Zooming in on the spinnerets. The silk turns out to be a bundle of very fine threads.


Friday, October 28, 2016

And round and round she goes

This morning, a spider decided to make her web an inch outside my kitchen window, at the top where the window frame gives her a hint of shelter from the rain. I climbed up into the sink to watch her work.

Let it rain, who cares?

Weaving with several threads. Eight thread grabbers come in handy.

And round and round she goes.

View of the spinnerets, producing dual threads.

While most spiders have six spinnerets, some have two, four, or eight. ... Most spinnerets are not simple structures with a single orifice producing a single thread, but highly complex structures of many microscopic spigots, each producing one filament. This is important partly because it produces the necessary orientation of the protein molecules, without which the silk would be weak and useless. (Wikipedia)

I climbed down and went about my chores. When I came back an hour later, the web was done, and the spider was in hiding, waiting for her breakfast.




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