Showing posts with label epigyne. Show all posts
Showing posts with label epigyne. Show all posts

Thursday, October 05, 2023

Looking at a spider's belly

 I posted this photo a couple of days ago, and now want to look at it again, closely.

Araneus diadematus

These are beautiful spiders, and I mostly look at the patterns on the top of their abdomen; white patches on orange or brown, these patches arranged to form a cross. Here, she hangs quietly in her web, allowing me to see her underside, and even get it all more or less in focus.

She's a female. First, her pedipalps, the two spiky, curved appendages in front of her fangs, are slim. Mature males have a large "boxing glove" tip to theirs.

And then, near the forward end of her abdomen, she has an appendage called the epigyne. (The cream-coloured, curvy hook crossing the border between yellow and dark brown.) This aids in mating, holding the male's pedipalp in place, and later serves as an ovipositor, the egg-laying organ.

The eight legs are all connected to the front half of the body, the cephalothorax, in a circle around the sternum (in humans this word is used for the breastbone; spiders have no internal bones). They are moved by hydraulic pressure regulated inside the cephalothorax.

At the rear end of the abdomen, you can see her spinnerets. Silk from glands inside her abdomen is squeezed out through these and hardens quickly to form her web.
Our Araneus diadematus has three pairs of spinnerets. Each pair produces threads with specific characteristics. For example, the web’s orbital or circular threads are sticky, good for snaring prey. Others, like the radial threads linking the hub to the periphery of the web, are extra strong but are not sticky. (Nature'sDepths/wondrous-webs)
I found this photo of Araneus diadematus spinnerets, taken with an scanning electron microscope:

From JeremyPoolesem.org.uk

This page also has photos of the epigyne, the pedipalps, and other details of this spider. Go look!

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Subí esta foto el otro dia, pero quiero volver a mirarla con más atención.

Foto: Araneus diadematus

Estas son unas arañas hermosas, y por lo general estoy mirando los diseños en la parte superior del abdomen; manchas blancas sobre un fondo en anaranjado o café, las manchas organizadas en forma de cruz. Aquí en esta foto, se quedaba quieta en su telaraña, mostrándome la parte inferior de su cuerpo.

Es una hembra. Esto se sabe por la forma de sus pedipalpos, esos dos apéndices con espinas, en frente de sus quelíceros; su extremo es delgado; los pedipalpos de arañas machos maduros son inflados; se les ha comparado con los guantes de un boxeador.

Y además, cerca del frente de su abdomen, se ve el apéndice llamado el epigino, que es el ganchito que cruza el borde entre lo amarillo y lo café en la foto. Este apéndice ayuda en la cópula, deteniéndo el órgano del macho, y luego sirve de ovipositor.

Las ocho patas están conectadas a la sección delantera de la araña, el cefalotórax y rodean el esternón. (En humanos, el esternón es el hueso en el centro del pecho. Las arañas no tienen huesos.) Estas patas se mueven a base de presión hidráulica, regulada en el interior del cefalotórax.

En la parte trasera del abdomen, verás las hileras. La telaraña se produce en glándulas dentro del abdomen y el líquido se extruye desde las hileras. Al llegar al exterior, se endurece.

Nuestra Araneus diadematus tiene tres pares de hileras. Cada pareja produce hilos con sus características particulares. Por ejemplo, los hilos orbitales o circulares son pegajosos, sirviendo para atrapar la presa. Otros, como los hilos que unen el centro de la telaraña a su perímetro, son muy fuertes pero no son pegajosos. (de Nature'sDepths/wondrous-webs)
Encontré esta foto de hileras de Araneus diadematus hecha con el microscopio electrónico:


Esta página tiene también fotos de los pedipalpos, del epigino y otras partes de la araña. ¡Hay que verlas!

Monday, October 07, 2013

Spider and web

The blackberry thickets between the street and the White Rock beach are dying back for the winter. Berries, dingy black and shrivelled, hang under mostly-brown leaves. I found one berry bunch still glossy black and juicy. When I picked one, a spider ran out of it and across my hand. I didn't eat the berry.

This big cross spider has hung her* web at knee height between the path and the blackberries; as is their custom, just right to ambush an unwary beach-goer. I saw her first, though.

The blackberry canes are just far enough back to produce this bokeh.

I have joined the Flickr group, Aractober.
This group is similar to a 365 group, the goal is to post spiders to Flickr daily during October.
I don't think there's any purpose to this, other than just plain fun. And because October is a creepy-crawly-spider-ish month, what with Hallowe'en at the end. So: Arachnid/October.

Go see what's been posted already. Great photos!

*Mostly, I distinguish male spiders from females by the adult male's "boxing glove" pedipalps, but from this angle, they're hard to see clearly. On this female, however, the genital structures (epigyne) are unusually apparent.


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