A month ago I posted photos of some red and green aphids that I found on my lemon balm; I had sent them in to BugGuide for an id; were they two different species? I asked.
The answer: probably nymphs, immature stages on the way to becoming adults, possibly potato aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae.
The aphids, red and green. |
Today I received an update and a correction:
The red aphids are infected with an entomopathogenic fungus, they are the same species as the green specimens though. Unfortunately these are nymphs which are tough to ID on their own because they have not yet fully developed the characters used for ID, which are based on adults.
Definitely not Macrosiphum euphorbiae though, the siphunculi (tailpipes) look a little swollen, and that is not a character M. euphorbiae has. Looking at the species that occur on Melissa officinalis, maybe Myzus ornatus. (Natalie Hernandez, BugGuide)
So I googled entomopathogenic fungi. "Entomo-" refers to insects, all insects, including the aphids. The Wikipedia entry starts off with a photo of an aphid, then a wasp. Other links led me to research papers on these fungi in aphids, which confirmed what I found on Wikipedia.
These fungi usually attach to the external body surface of insects in the form of microscopic spores ... these spores germinate, grow as hyphae and colonize the insect's cuticle; which they bore through ...Then, the fungal cells proliferate in the host body cavity ... After some time the insect is usually killed ... and new propagules (spores) are formed in or on the insect if environmental conditions are again right. (Wikipedia)
Los áfidos rojos han sido infectados con un hongo entomopatogénico, aunque son de la misma especie de los espécimenes verdes. Desafortunadamente son ninfas, los cuales son difíciles de identificar por separado porque todavía no han desarrollado las características que usamos para su identificación, basadas en los adultos.
Pero definitivamente no son Macrosiphum euphorbiae, los sifinculi (los cornículos) se ven algo inflados, que no es una característica de M. euphorbiae. ... Possiblemente sean Myzus ornatus. (Natalie Hernandez, BugGuide)
Entonces busqué "hongos entomopatogénicos". El prefijo "Entomo-" se refiere a los insectos, todos los insectos, incluyendo, claro, los áfidos. El artículo en Wikipedia empieza con una foto de un áfido, y luego con una avispa. Otros enlaces me llevaron a reportes sobre estos hongos en los áfidos, que confirmaban lo que vi en Wikipedia.
Estos hongos normalmente se adhieren a la superficie exterior de los insectos, en la forma de esporas microscópicas. ... Las esporas germinan, desarrollan hifas, colonizan y perforan el exoesqueleto del insecto. ... Luego las células del hongo llenan el cuerpo del huésped ... Después de un tiempo usualmente el insecto muere ... y nuevas esporas se forman dentro o encima del insecto, siendo favorables las condiciones ambientales. (Wikipedia)
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