Big-leaf maple leaves are big. Not all of them, but enough to give the trees their name, even the scientific one; Acer macrophyllum; big leaves, in Greek. I picked one up from the trail by the river and brought it home to measure it. 430 cm, across.
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| As found on the trail. |
Walking back, carrying the leaf, I looked at those circular patches, wondered what made them. Now, watching where I stepped on the trail, I saw that many of the other maple leaves had those same markings.
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| The largest circle, as found on the trail. |
By the time I got home the leaf had curled up; too much heat in my car. I pressed it under weights for two days to get it dry enough to stay flat, then took more photos.
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| The large circle, now dry. 4 cm, along the longest axis. |
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| And a smaller patch, of tiny, raised black dots. |
So what was this? Insects, leaf miners, I thought, at first; that didn't work out. Then I found the fungi. Rhytisma punctatum. Another appropriate name; punctatum is Latin for "dotted". The genus is also called "Tar Spot fungus", and this species is, in English, the Speckled Tar Spot.
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| Tar Spot stomata seen through my microscope. |
Come spring, the tar spots will release their spores and the wind will carry them up into the trees to find new leaves and start the cycle again.
The tar spot fungus, however, produces a hormone which stimulates the chlorophyll, keeping the chloroplasts alive for a while, even after the rest of the leaf has died. These green zones continue to produce glucose, which feeds the developing fungus spores. The fungus is farming small areas on leaves that are no longer attached to the trees which originally produced them. (Terry Taylor's Ecology Notes)
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| Another patch of fungus, showing green chlorophyll, and black "tar spots". |
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Las hojas del arce de hojas grandes son grandes. No todas, pero suficientes para determinar el nombre del árbol, incluyendo el nombre científico; Acer macrophyllum; hojas grandes, en el griego. Recogí una que reposaba en el camino al lado del rio y me la traje a casa para medirla. 430 cm.
1: La hoja, donde la encontré.
Camino de regreso, llevando la hoja, miraba esas manchas circulares, considerando que fue lo que las hizo. Ahora, al fijarme donde anadaba, vi que muchas otras hojas tenían manchas parecidas.
2: La mancha más grande, tal como la encontré.
Cuando llegué a casa, la hoja ya se había enrollado; en el coche hacía demasiado calor. La prensé bajo una charola pesada por dos dias para rendirla suficientemente seca para que se mantuviera aplanada, y entonces saqué otras fotos.
3: La misma mancha, seca. Mide 4 cm en el eje más largo.
4: Y un grupo de puntitos negros, elevados.
El hongo "mancha de alquitrán", sin embargo, produce una hormona que estimula a la clorofila, mantiendo con vida los cloroplastos por algún tiempo, aun cuando la mayor parte de la hoja ha muerto. Estas zonas verdes siguen produciendo glucosa, la cual sustenta las esporas en desarrollo. El hongo está cultivando pequeñas areas en hojas que ya no están conectadas a los árboles que las produjeron originalmente. (Terry Taylor's Ecology Notes)







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