Saturday, October 12, 2024

Yes, it's a lichen

With the onset of wet weather, the little wood at Oyster Bay is bursting out with mushrooms. I was happy to find these; I missed them last fall.

Lichen agaric mushrooms, Lichenomphalia umbellifera.

One website calls it a lichen. The next calls it a mushroom. It depends how you look at it.
lichen: any of numerous complex plantlike organisms made up of an alga or a cyanobacterium and a fungus growing in symbiotic association on a solid surface (such as on a rock or the bark of trees) (Merriam-Webster dictionary)
Most lichens form what looks like a single organism, whether a plant-like growth or a crust or dust. The lichen agarics, instead, grow with the cyanobacterium surrounding the fungal symbiont. So what we see are the mushrooms with the blue-green alga, Coccomyxa sp., coating the rotting log around them. They never grow separately.
This kind of partnership is what constitutes a lichen, and Lichenomphalia umbellifera is, indeed, a lichen—one that produces a gilled mushroom. When mushrooms are not being produced, the lichen is inconspicuous, dark green, and crust-like. (MushroomExpert)

One lichen agaric. The algal component is hidden under the moss.

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Al llegar la temporada de lluvias, el bosquecito de Oyster Bay se ha llenado de hongos. Estuve feliz al hallar estos; no los vi el otoño pasado.

Foto #1: Lichenomphalia umbellifera.

En un sitio web, los llaman líquenes. En el que sigue, son hongos. Todo depende de como los miras.
Los líquenes son organismos complejos formados por la unión íntima –simbiosis– de un hongo y, al menos, un organismo fotosintético: un alga verde (clorofícea) o una cianobacteria. (LiquenCity)

La mayoría de los líquenes forman al parecer un solo organismo, ya sea en forma de planta, o como costra o polvo. Los Lichenomphalia umbellifera, en cambio, crecen con el alga verde (la cianobacteria) alrededor del simbionte (el hongo). Lo que vemos son los honguitos en un tronco (crecen en madera podrida) cubierto del alga verde. Nunca se encuentran por separado.

Este tipo de asociación es lo que constituye un liquen, y Lichenomphalia umbellifera es, en verdad, un liquen—uno que produce un hongo con laminillas. Cuando no se están produciendo los hongos, el liquen es poco llamativo, de un verde oscuro, y en forma de costra. (MushroomExpert)
Foto #2: Un solo hongo de Lichenomphalia umbellifera. El alga está escondida bajo el musgo.

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