Beside the still waters

"There's a beaver pond just up the road a ways," I was told. "It overflows the road sometimes." I knew the place; the road had a gravel patch.

Reflections, beaver pond.

The pond runs along beside the road, looking more like an irregular ditch. I couldn't see a dam.

But the reflections were interesting.

Water striders skated across the surface, and a frog croaked; when I moved, there was a "Plop!" and then silence, except for the whine of hungry mosquitoes.

Further down the road, in the backwaters at Woodhus Creek, there were fewer mosquitoes, and the light was better for watching water striders.

Three water striders and a caddisfly larva underwater.

Another three. And two caddisfly larvae.

Caddisfly larvae build cases for themselves of different materials, such as pebbles, twigs, bits of leaves. These ones are using evergreen needles.

One seems to have lost his case.

Caddisflies are good indicators of river health. Most species have a low tolerance to water pollution, so a substantial caddisfly population indicates that the water is clean and has low levels of pollution. Finding caddisfly larvae indicates that the ecosystem is healthy and functioning, ... Trout feed on all stages of the caddisfly during its life cycle: larval, pupal, and adult stages. (WWF-Canada)

A couple of water bugs

In the vacant lot across the street, the ground is hard-pan clay mixed with old construction debris. It is marked on old maps as the headwater of Cougar Creek, but the creek has long since disappeared; all that's left is a shallow pond that dries up by summer, leaving cracked, hardened mud. After the spring rains, though, much of the lot is under an inch or two of water, and for a couple of months it teems with swimming and diving life.

It's early days, still, but the temperature is rising, and a few ambitious bugs are patrolling the newly-drowned roots and debris.

Still testing the new lens, I examined the water, where I could reach it without sinking in the mud. I saw a few water tigers, the larvae of predaceous diving beetles, about 1/2 an inch long, the same colour as the mud and only visible when they moved. The camera couldn't find them; it's not programmed to notice biological movement, as our eyes are.

I was surprised to see a water strider; it's really early for these, but this was a very small strider, a youngster.

This, the camera could see even when I couldn't.

The surface of the water in some areas was covered with tiny, sparkly dots that I only saw when I downloaded the photos. I'm thinking they're probably more ostracods, like I found there a couple of years ago, in June. If there's another dry day soon, I'll go over with a magnifying glass to check them out.

And there were a couple of the small diving beetles, Acilius semisculatus. These swim smoothly and quite fast near the bottom (although in 2 inches of water, the bottom is near the top). Usually, I see them but don't get a photo; they're mostly gone by the time the camera focuses, so I was pleased that this new lens is so fast, even when I'm shooting from several feet away, through muddy water.

Quick shot before he disappeared under the roots.

Test shot. Nothing there, I think; nothing but gravel and old plants under two inches of water.

Tiny discoveries, and a mysterious bubble beastie

One of the anemones was getting itchy feet, wandering about, so I cranked up the camera to take his photo in transit. And got sidetracked by a few things I hadn't seen before.

First, the usual:

Hermit crab, with a tiny frozen shrimp. Nom, nom, nom!

Then, to smaller beasties:

A periwinkle snail. I keep trying to get photos of them eating.  This is the best so far, but a video would be better. 'nother day.

An amphipod, clinging to a blade of eelgrass, legs every which way. There are both green ones and brown in my tank.

Cropped down to show his marvellous compound eyes.

Amphipod eyes are compound as in other arthropods, and sessile, that is, unmovable.  Each eye consists of several hundred individual ommatidia, each of which has its own lens system, light-sensitive retinal cells, nerve leading to an optic ganglion, and each is thought to produce a single image.  Visual fields of adjacent ommatidia overlap, presumably producing good motion detection, but possibly less good resolution . . . it is probably safe to assume that they have good resolution and motion detection, and probably see in colour.  Hallberg et al. 1980 Zoomorphol 94: 279. (From A Snail's Odyssey)

And then I discovered a snail I didn't know was in my tank:

1/8 inch long, climbing on one of the thinnest eelgrass blades. I haven't identified him yet.

Smaller still; I went chasing limpets, to see if I could catch them eating. All around them, the copepods were cavorting:

Female copepod, carrying her egg case at the rear. She has one red eye, in the center of her forehead. (And when she is good, she is very good . . .) About 1 mm. long.

Something half the size of a copepod crawled off a limpet shell and went hiking up the glass wall.

A marine mite, about 0.5 mm.. I found 4 of them, all near limpets. The mess on its right middle leg is made up of diatoms and other debris.

Unlike the few insects and spiders which may be found in marine habitats but must breathe air, mites are able to absorb oxygen from the water so they can live at great depths. (From WallaWalla.edu Halacaridae.)

I didn't know this, so it seemed really weird to see this spider-like thing walking about underwater. It has 4 pairs of legs, like a spider, but holds one pair out in front as if they were antennae. Confusing little beastie.

Some marine mites are phytophagous (suck from plants/algae), some are predators, and some are parasites.

And while I tracked down these mites, with my hand microscope jammed up against the glass wall (and my neck twisted at an impossible angle; they insisted on hanging out on the wrong side of the tank), I noticed many even tinier groupings of bubbles on the glass. This was strange, because I'd scrubbed down the inside wall before I started taking photos. Where did these come from?

Two collections of bubbles and a copepod beside a limpet.

I thought I saw one group of bubbles move, so I zoomed in on it. But no; it was just there, not moving. And just as I was giving up, thinking maybe it was some sort of algae, it suddenly convulsed, waving 4 separate groups of bubbles about, like legs, for a moment, then settling down to rest again.

Other groups I checked showed the same behaviour. They come in different sizes and number of nodes or maybe branches, and they're all over the wall where the light is good, but not on the front (where my neck would be happier) with less direct light.

I haven't the faintest clue what they are. Help!

And I never did get a decent photo of the anemone. And now he's gone and jammed himself into an impossible corner. I hope he doesn't like it there.

Six-legged tigers

A couple of days ago, I went over to the vacant lot again, to check on the ant nest (of which, more later). It's been raining off and on, so the puddles are still there, but they've shrunk to about half the size they were a week before. The first one is barely an inch deep now, in the deepest part.

I was crouched over this puddle, trying fruitlessly to get a photo of a fast-swimming black bug, when I noticed what looked like a small fish. At least, it was long and streamlined, and moved like a fish. I abandoned my frustrating bug and went fishing with a small bug-collecting bottle.

The "fish" was also fast, but it attempted to hide in the loose mud at the bottom, and I was able to scoop it out, mud and all. In the bottle, it looked more like a miniature lizard:

Mini lizard with 6 transparent legs? 1/2 inch, jaws to tip of feathery tail.

When I released this one back into the puddle, I saw another, double the size. Too big for my bottle; I chased him all over the puddle with the camera instead.

6 hairy legs, a two-pronged tail, and a pair of sharp-looking hooks in front.

Later, when I looked them up, I learned that they are water tigers, the larvae of the Predatious Diving beetle, which may have been the black bug I was chasing at first. I'll have to go back again and actually catch one to be sure.

These beetles, adults and larvae, can be found in almost any body of water. The larvae hatch from eggs laid inside the stem of underwater plants. Or, in this case, in the stems of plants that at least for a while were underwater. Some live as larvae for up to a year, but in temporary ponds and puddles, they may mature in a few months. When they are ready, they crawl up onto land, make a burrow in the mud, and pupate there. After a week or more, they hatch and return to the water as adults.

Both adults and larvae are air breathers, although they live in water. The adults are scuba divers; they bring their air down with them, holding bubbles under their wings. The larvae breathe through the tip of the abdomen, holding it up just above the surface, but can go a while between breaths.

Two small water tigers. One is breathing; his abdomen tip and the two prongs of his tail are out of the water.

Tigers. The name gives a hint as to their habits; they're voracious predators, able to stalk and kill other insects, small worms, tadpoles, and even fish. And then, there are the defenseless smaller residents of the puddles; they'll take them, too; easy pickings.

Returning to the story: the big water tiger I was following stopped for a meal. The puddle is still as full of ostracods as ever; you can see some resting in the sediment in all three photos above. But here and there they formed clumps or heaps. And the ostracods in these heaps were dancing about like bubbles in a fast-boiling pot. Or like the mating snails on Crescent Beach.

A small clump of happy ostracods.

The water tiger meandered here and there around the puddle, not in any hurry, stopping occasionally to look around. Eventually, he found one of the ostracod gatherings, and dived in headfirst. He dug around for a minute, selecting or trapping one, then turned and sped off with an ostracod in his jaws, to eat it elsewhere. I chased him, trying for a photo, but now he was in a great hurry, in no mood to share his meal with any other water tiger, nor with the shadow above him. I soon lost him.

Selecting the juiciest, fattest ostracod. Tail on the surface, head in the grocery bin.

More info:

• Nature View by Bill Gibbons
• AgriLife Extension
• Photo of larva, BugGuide
• Adult, BugGuide